Research · গবেষণা
Every publication, in publication order: flagship state-of reports and dated policy briefs, each grounded in primary data.
The State of Bangladesh Banking: Crisis, Reform, and Resilience
NPL ratio above 30% after Basel III reclassification, SOB distress, lending rate dynamics, FX reserve adequacy, recapitalization costs, and reform scenarios.
FlagshipWomen's Empowerment in Bangladesh: Progress, Paradoxes, and the Path Forward
Gender parity in enrollment but 44% female LFP. RMG empowerment paradox, maternal health gains, GBV burden, land rights, and policy gaps.
FlagshipBangladesh Public Finance: Revenue, Debt, and Reform
Tax-to-GDP at 8.3% (IMF Art. IV 2025), expenditure composition, deficit financing, debt sustainability, and revenue mobilization options.
FlagshipClimate Vulnerability and Adaptation in Bangladesh: Risk, Resilience, and the Financing Gap
7th most vulnerable on ND-GAIN. Sea level rise exposure, cyclone mortality decline, emissions per capita, energy transition, and $3.8B adaptation financing gap.
FlagshipThe State of Bangladesh Energy: Power, Gas, Renewables, and the Transition Path
28 GW installed capacity, 97% grid access, 62% gas dependence, renewable targets, and stranded asset risks from coal pipeline.
FlagshipThe State of Bangladesh Education: Access, Quality, and the Skills Imperative
98% primary enrollment but low learning outcomes. Gender parity achieved, tertiary bottleneck, TVET gaps, and education-to-employment pipeline.
FlagshipThe State of Bangladesh Digital Economy: Infrastructure, Governance, and the Smart Bangladesh Vision
130M+ internet users, mobile money revolution, e-governance rank #111, digital startup ecosystem, and 4IR workforce readiness.
FlagshipBangladesh Health System: Remarkable Gains, Persistent Gaps, and the Path to Universal Coverage
Bangladesh spends 2.2% of GDP on health with 79.3% out-of-pocket (WB WDI 2023). Disease burden, workforce gaps, UHC progress, and financing options.
FlagshipBangladesh Migration & Diaspora: Deployment, Corridors, and Managed Migration
13M overseas workers sending $23B/year. Gulf concentration, recruitment cost exploitation, feminization trends, return reintegration, and diaspora engagement policy.
FlagshipBangladesh's Blue Frontier: Maritime Economy, Resources, and Strategy
118,813 km2 EEZ, $6.2B marine economy potential. Fisheries, shipping, offshore energy, coastal tourism, and governance gaps.
FlagshipThe State of Bangladesh RMG: Competitiveness, Compliance, and the Value Chain Imperative
$47B industry at a crossroads: wage pressure, automation risk, sustainability mandates, backward linkages, and post-LDC tariff exposure.
FlagshipThe State of Bangladesh Remittances: Corridors, Dependence, and Reform
$23B+ annual inflows across 160 corridors. Saudi Arabia dominant, Gulf cost burden, hundi diversion, and financial inclusion linkages.
FlagshipThe State of Bangladesh Trade: Structure, Risk, and Strategy
Export concentration in RMG, import structure, trade balance dynamics, LDC graduation impact, and diversification pathways.
FlagshipThe State of Bangladesh Governance: Institutions, Reform, and Accountability
WGI composite at bottom quartile, 4.7M case backlog, 1.4M civil servants. Institutional capacity, decentralization, judiciary, and reform scenarios.
গ্লোবাল অটোমেশন এটলাস (Garg, Crosta ও Baier, ২০২৬) ১২৪ দেশের কাজভিত্তিক অটোমেশন এক্সপোজার; বাংলাদেশ ও পাঁচ তুলনীয় দেশ
Bangladesh does not lack research institutions, it lacks the channels that force evidence into decisions. The constraint is not the count of think tanks but a broken commissioning model, near-zero independent parliamentary research capacity, and a statistical base too slow to inform live policy.
This indicator captures the share of exports in GDP rather than export volumes or competitiveness in specific product categories, so it can shift due to GDP growth, exchange rate movements, and commodity price changes without necessarily reflecting underlying trade performance.
Annual GDP growth figures are subject to subsequent revision as national accounts data and methodology are refined, meaning the 2024 estimate may change in future releases.
The current account balance as a share of GDP can be influenced by revisions to either the balance numerator or the GDP denominator, and preliminary figures for 2024 may be subject to subsequent updating.
This indicator measures the share of population with access to electricity but does not capture hours of available supply, voltage quality, or the frequency of outages, all of which materially affect the welfare impact of a connection.
Life expectancy at birth is a modeled estimate derived from age-specific mortality data and is sensitive to underreporting of deaths, particularly in areas with incomplete civil registration systems.
Stunting estimates rely on household survey data collected at intervals, so year-to-year movements partly reflect methodological differences across survey rounds rather than smooth underlying change.
This indicator captures aggregate personal remittances received but cannot distinguish between formally channelled transfers and informal flows, so the true economic magnitude may differ from the recorded figure.
কারা প্রভাবিত, কোথায় বিনিয়োগ, কোথায় ঘর্ষণ, ২০১৩-২০২২
ND-GAIN vulnerability rank, disaster damage trends, cyclone shelter coverage, and adaptation spending.
Bank account penetration, bKash/Nagad transaction volumes, microfinance outreach, and gender gaps in access.
HDI decomposition: health, education, income contributions. District-level variation and multidimensional poverty overlap.
2.5% of GDP on safety nets, 28M beneficiaries, targeting leakage, old age allowance coverage, and G2P digitization.
CPI basket breakdown, food vs non-food inflation, and real wage purchasing power.
Monthly snapshot: NBR revenue, ADP spending, bank borrowing, inflation, and exchange rate against budget assumptions.
RMG export structure, compliance post-Rana Plaza, wage trends, backward linkage progress, and buyer diversification.
1,200 MW (1.2 GW) installed solar (IRENA 2024), SHS penetration, SREDA targets, and grid parity analysis.
Total fish production 4.92M MT, aquaculture 2.85M MT (57.9% share). Shrimp exports $300M.
Satellite elevation analysis shows 50,317 km2 (34.1% of land) within the 5m low elevation coastal zone, with 5,260,002 people directly exposed to sea level rise.
HDI components, poverty headcount, inequality (Gini), and SDG progress tracking.
Net enrollment, learning outcomes (PISA proxy), public spending, and skill-employment mismatch.
Female labor force participation 44%, RMG workforce feminization, maternal mortality decline, GBV prevalence, and political representation.
Internet penetration, mobile financial services, e-governance readiness, and ICT export growth.
Stunting 23.5%, wasting 11.8%, underweight 22.8% (BDHS 2022). Stunting declined 12.5pp over the past decade.
Sentinel-5P TROPOMI analysis across 10 cities reveals a pollution index of 64.7/100, with Narayanganj recording the highest NO2 concentration.
Health expenditure (% GDP), out-of-pocket burden, disease profile, and facility coverage gaps.
Commodity price pass-through, remittance-reserves buffer, trade openness and growth, and external shock vulnerability.
FY2025-26 budget: BDT 7.97T total, 11.6% of GDP. Revenue targets, ADP allocation, subsidy burden, and financing composition.
185M mobile subscribers, 4G coverage, spectrum allocation, tower sharing, broadband penetration, and 5G readiness.
Shipping disruption costs, energy price pass-through, remittance corridor risk, and export market exposure from Middle East conflict.
GDP growth, inflation, exchange rate, reserves, and credit trends from Bangladesh Bank and BBS.
Two centuries of Bangladesh macro history from the Global Macro Database: output, prices, debt, trade openness, and crisis chronology.
Monthly inflows by corridor, transfer costs, hundi share estimates, and reserve impact.
The Closing Ladder: measured 5-year entry probabilities into new export industries from 30 years of BACI HS92 data, Bangladesh's 627 entries since 1996, and the open paths ranked by conversion odds.
NBR revenue collection, ADP spending, deficit financing mix, and debt-to-GDP trajectory.
World's largest exporter and a top-two producer of raw jute. Raw jute vs diversified products, global demand shift to biodegradable packaging, and mill modernization needs.
1.2% of GDP on defense, UN peacekeeping contributions (top 5), force modernization, maritime security, and border management.
13M+ Bangladeshis abroad, migration cost burden, skill composition, return migration patterns, and diaspora investment.
Frozen food exports, dairy processing, rice milling modernization, food safety certification, and cold chain infrastructure.
750+ MFIs, 35M borrowers, average loan size, interest rate caps, SME credit gap, and digital lending growth.
Road network density, railway modal share, Chittagong port throughput, inland waterway freight, and logistics performance index.
Dhaka apartment prices, construction permits, cement/steel demand, housing affordability ratio, and RAJUK development control.
Maritime trade routes, exclusive economic zone resources, marine fisheries, port development, and ocean governance framework.
Tourist arrivals, revenue per visitor, Cox's Bazar/Sundarbans/Sylhet potential, infrastructure gaps, and visa policy barriers.
40,000+ workshops, import substitution in auto parts and electrical goods, backward linkage to RMG, and technology upgrading needs.
Ceramics tableware exports ($100M+), plastics manufacturing ecosystem, import substitution progress, and quality certification gaps.
$1.4B IT/ITES exports, 700K freelancers, Hi-Tech Park occupancy, startup funding landscape, and workforce pipeline.
$1.2B export sector. Savar tannery relocation, CETP compliance, value chain upgrading, and EU market access.
$300M export sector. Order book, yard capacity, ship recycling (Sitakunda), IMO compliance, and green shipbuilding potential.
$3.5B domestic market, 98% local supply, API import dependence, 80-90% API dependency. TRIPS LDC waiver (end-2033 for LDCs) expires at Bangladesh graduation (Nov 2026); BD lobbying for 2029 post-graduation extension.
Water per capita 7,900 m3/yr (data unavailable), extraction 30.2 BCM vs 21.2 BCM recharge. Overdraft 9.0 BCM (42%). Arsenic: 14% wells, Barind drop 15m.
Agriculture 11.2% of GDP (data unavailable), cereal yield 4,750 kg/ha (data unavailable), food inflation 10.0%, rice production 39.1M MT.
Satellite analysis of nighttime lights, built-up expansion, urban heat islands, and air quality across 10 cities. Urbanization pressure score: 0.0/100.
Composite index scoring Bangladesh across 8 dimensions: economy, trade, governance, health, education, energy, environment, and industry.
WGI-FDI correlation, NPL-governance link, regulatory quality impact on credit allocation, and institutional reform scenarios.
2.5M annual labor market entrants vs TVET output of 300K. Skills mismatch by sector, employer survey gaps, and wage premiums.
Salinity impact on Aman rice yield, flood damage to Boro crop, heat stress on labor productivity, and adaptation cost estimates.
16,000 tons/day municipal waste, 3% recycling rate, Dhaka landfill pressure, e-waste growth, and informal sector role.
8,000 kilns producing 33 billion bricks/yr. Only 42% use clean technology. PM2.5 at 42.4 ug/m3.
National poverty headcount 18.7% (HIES 2022). Mymensingh is the poorest division (28.7%), Dhaka the least poor (10.8%). District MPI analysis across the available districts reveals persistent northwest-coastal deprivation belt.
Water health score 87.4/100, transboundary risk 85.5/100. 8.0M ha wetlands support 20M haor residents.
Combined erosion of 8,700 ha/yr across major rivers. Jamuna accounts for 55.2% of total erosion.
Satellite analysis of forest loss, vegetation health, water bodies, and rainfall patterns. Environmental health score: 58.7/100.
WGI percentile ranks, CPI score, judicial backlog, RTI compliance, and e-governance adoption.
Cross-domain satellite and macroeconomic analysis of flood exposure, rainfall variability, temperature trends, and agricultural vulnerability. Observed-trend momentum index: 26.8/100.
Labor force participation, sectoral employment shares, wage trends, and informal economy size.
NPL ratios by bank type, capital adequacy, credit growth, and Bangladesh Bank policy actions.
Power generation capacity, grid losses, fuel mix, per-capita consumption, and load shedding.
৳৯৩৮,০০০ কোটি টাকার বাজেটের পাঁচটি যাচাই করা পাঠ: রাজস্বের দেয়াল, ঘাটতির পাটিগণিত, রাষ্ট্রের সম্প্রসারণ, অগ্রাধিকারের আসল হিসাব, আর সংশোধনের মৌসুম।
The FY2026-27 budget needs 19.3% annual revenue growth against 10.9% GDP growth. Five verified findings on credibility, expansion, interest, priorities, and execution risk.
The FY2026-27 budget totals BDT 938,000 crore. Headline numbers, key measures, and ministry-by-ministry breakdown, all verified.