Research

Policy analysis grounded in data.

Bangladesh Public Finance: Revenue, Debt, and Reform

Tax-to-GDP at 7.4% (lowest in South Asia), expenditure composition, deficit financing, debt sustainability, and revenue mobilization options.

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Climate Vulnerability and Adaptation in Bangladesh: Risk, Resilience, and the Financing Gap

7th most vulnerable on ND-GAIN. Sea level rise exposure, cyclone mortality decline, emissions per capita, energy transition, and $3.8B adaptation financing gap.

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The State of Bangladesh Remittances: Corridors, Dependence, and Reform

$23B+ annual inflows across 160 corridors. Saudi Arabia dominant, Gulf cost burden, hundi diversion, and financial inclusion linkages.

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The State of Bangladesh Banking: Crisis, Reform, and Resilience

NPL ratio at 9.6%, SOB distress, lending rate dynamics, FX reserve adequacy, recapitalization costs, and reform scenarios.

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The State of Bangladesh Trade: Structure, Risk, and Strategy

Export concentration in RMG (84%), import structure, trade balance dynamics, LDC graduation impact, and diversification pathways.

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Budget Tracker Budget Execution Tracker FY2025-26

ADP utilization rate, NBR collection vs target by month, expenditure pace, and supplementary budget probability.

Budget Pulse Budget Pulse - March 2026

Monthly snapshot: NBR revenue, ADP spending, bank borrowing, inflation, and exchange rate against budget assumptions.

FY2025-26 budget: BDT 7.97T total, 11.6% of GDP. Revenue targets, ADP allocation, subsidy burden, and financing composition.

Cross External Economy Brief External Economy Nexus: Bangladesh

Commodity price pass-through, remittance-reserves buffer, trade openness and growth, and external shock vulnerability.

Cross Human Development Brief Human Development Nexus: Bangladesh

HDI decomposition: health, education, income contributions. District-level variation and multidimensional poverty overlap.

Cross Governance Finance Brief Governance-Finance Nexus: Bangladesh

WGI-FDI correlation, NPL-governance link, regulatory quality impact on credit allocation, and institutional reform scenarios.

Cross Education Labor Brief Education-Labor Nexus: Bangladesh

2.5M annual labor market entrants vs TVET output of 300K. Skills mismatch by sector, employer survey gaps, and wage premiums.

Cross Climate Agriculture Brief Climate-Agriculture Nexus: Bangladesh

Salinity impact on Aman rice yield, flood damage to Boro crop, heat stress on labor productivity, and adaptation cost estimates.

Gender parity in enrollment but 38% female LFP. RMG empowerment paradox, maternal health gains, GBV burden, land rights, and policy gaps.

Women Empowerment Brief Bangladesh Women's Economic Empowerment Analysis

Female labor force participation 38%, RMG workforce feminization, maternal mortality decline, GBV prevalence, and political representation.

Defense Security Brief Bangladesh Defense & Security Economics Analysis

1.2% of GDP on defense, UN peacekeeping contributions (top 5), force modernization, maritime security, and border management.

13M overseas workers sending $23B/year. Gulf concentration, recruitment cost exploitation, feminization trends, return reintegration, and diaspora engagement policy.

Migration Diaspora Brief Bangladesh Migration & Diaspora Economy Analysis

13M+ Bangladeshis abroad, migration cost burden, skill composition, return migration patterns, and diaspora investment.

Social Protection Brief Bangladesh Social Protection Analysis

2.5% of GDP on safety nets, 28M beneficiaries, targeting leakage, old age allowance coverage, and G2P digitization.

16,000 tons/day municipal waste, 3% recycling rate, Dhaka landfill pressure, e-waste growth, and informal sector role.

Food Processing Brief Bangladesh Food Processing & Agribusiness Analysis

Frozen food exports, dairy processing, rice milling modernization, food safety certification, and cold chain infrastructure.

Microfinance Sme Brief Bangladesh Microfinance & SME Development Analysis

750+ MFIs, 35M borrowers, average loan size, interest rate caps, SME credit gap, and digital lending growth.

Transport Logistics Brief Bangladesh Transport & Logistics Analysis

Road network density, railway modal share, Chittagong port throughput, inland waterway freight, and logistics performance index.

Telecommunications Brief Bangladesh Telecommunications Sector Analysis

185M mobile subscribers, 4G coverage, spectrum allocation, tower sharing, broadband penetration, and 5G readiness.

Real Estate Brief Bangladesh Real Estate & Construction Analysis

Dhaka apartment prices, construction permits, cement/steel demand, housing affordability ratio, and RAJUK development control.

118,813 km2 EEZ, $6.2B marine economy potential. Fisheries, shipping, offshore energy, coastal tourism, and governance gaps.

Blue Economy Brief Bangladesh Blue Economy Analysis

Maritime trade routes, exclusive economic zone resources, marine fisheries, port development, and ocean governance framework.

Tourist arrivals, revenue per visitor, Cox's Bazar/Sundarbans/Sylhet potential, infrastructure gaps, and visa policy barriers.

Light Engineering Brief Bangladesh Light Engineering Sector Analysis

40,000+ workshops, import substitution in auto parts and electrical goods, backward linkage to RMG, and technology upgrading needs.

Ceramics Plastics Brief Bangladesh Ceramics & Plastics Sector Analysis

Ceramics tableware exports ($100M+), plastics manufacturing ecosystem, import substitution progress, and quality certification gaps.

Ict Software Brief Bangladesh ICT & Software Services Analysis

$1.4B IT/ITES exports, 700K freelancers, Hi-Tech Park occupancy, startup funding landscape, and workforce pipeline.

Leather Footwear Brief Bangladesh Leather & Footwear Sector Analysis

$1.2B export sector. Savar tannery relocation, CETP compliance, value chain upgrading, and EU market access.

$47B industry at a crossroads: wage pressure, automation risk, sustainability mandates, backward linkages, and post-LDC tariff exposure.

Rmg Textile Brief Bangladesh RMG & Textile Sector Analysis

$47B RMG exports, 84% of total. Compliance post-Rana Plaza, wage trends, backward linkage progress, and buyer diversification.

Jute Brief Bangladesh Jute Industry Analysis

4th largest producer. Raw jute vs diversified products, global demand shift to biodegradable packaging, and mill modernization needs.

Shipbuilding Brief Bangladesh Shipbuilding Industry Analysis

$300M export sector. Order book, yard capacity, ship recycling (Sitakunda), IMO compliance, and green shipbuilding potential.

Remittance Flows and Household Welfare in Bangladesh This report examines household welfare. This finding is based on did using data from Bangladesh Bank, World Bank, and survey data. The findings ha

Pharmaceuticals Brief Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Industry Analysis

$3.4B domestic market, 97% local supply, API import dependence, generic export potential post-LDC TRIPS waiver.

Water per capita 0 m3/yr (+0), extraction 30 BCM vs 21 BCM recharge. Overdraft 9.0 BCM (43%). Arsenic: 20% wells, Barind drop 15m.

Agriculture 11.5% of GDP (+0.0pp), cereal yield 4,750 kg/ha (+0.0%), food inflation 9.7%, rice production 55.0M MT.

Total fish production 4.62M MT, aquaculture 2.64M MT (57.1% share). Shrimp exports $420M.

8,000 kilns producing 23 billion bricks/yr. Only 42% use clean technology. PM2.5 at 79.9 ug/m3.

Stunting 23.6%, wasting 10.7%, underweight 23.0% (BDHS 2022). Stunting declined 18.4pp over the past decade.

National poverty headcount 18.7% (HIES 2022). Mymensingh is the poorest division (28.7%), Dhaka the least poor (10.8%). District MPI analysis across 0 districts reveals persistent northwest-coastal deprivation belt.

Spatial & Environment

Water health score 83.3/100, transboundary risk 85.5/100. 8.0M ha wetlands support 20M haor residents.

Spatial & Environment

Satellite elevation analysis shows 50,317 km2 (34.1% of land) within the 5m low elevation coastal zone, with 5,260,000 people directly exposed to sea level rise.

Spatial & Environment

Sentinel-5P TROPOMI analysis across 10 cities reveals a pollution index of 47.0/100, with Dhaka recording the highest NO2 concentration.

Spatial & Environment

Combined erosion of 2,500 ha/yr across major rivers. Jamuna accounts for 64.0% of total erosion.

Spatial & Environment
Environmental Change Brief Bangladesh Environmental Change Assessment

Satellite analysis of forest loss, vegetation health, water bodies, and rainfall patterns. Environmental health score: 88.2/100.

Spatial & Environment
Urban Development Brief Bangladesh Urban Development & Sustainability

Satellite analysis of nighttime lights, built-up expansion, urban heat islands, and air quality across 10 cities. Urbanization pressure score: 0.0/100.

Spatial & Environment

Shipping disruption costs, energy price pass-through, remittance corridor risk, and export market exposure from Middle East conflict.

Trade & Finance

98% primary enrollment but low learning outcomes. Gender parity achieved, tertiary bottleneck, TVET gaps, and education-to-employment pipeline.

28 GW installed capacity, 97% grid access, 62% gas dependence, renewable targets, and stranded asset risks from coal pipeline.

130M+ internet users, mobile money revolution, e-governance rank #111, digital startup ecosystem, and 4IR workforce readiness.

WGI composite at bottom quartile, 3.7M case backlog, 1.4M civil servants. Institutional capacity, decentralization, judiciary, and reform scenarios.

Governance Brief The State of Bangladesh Governance

WGI percentile ranks, CPI score, judicial backlog, RTI compliance, and e-governance adoption.

Society & Governance
Financial Inclusion The State of Bangladesh Financial Inclusion

Bank account penetration, bKash/Nagad transaction volumes, microfinance outreach, and gender gaps in access.

Trade & Finance
Cost Of Living The State of Bangladesh Cost of Living

Food basket cost by division, rent index, utility prices, and real purchasing power for bottom two quintiles.

Economy & Macro
Climate Vulnerability Brief Bangladesh Climate Vulnerability Assessment

Cross-domain satellite and macroeconomic analysis of flood exposure, rainfall variability, temperature trends, and agricultural vulnerability. Climate vulnerability score: 22.8/100.

Spatial & Environment
Climate Brief The State of Bangladesh Climate

ND-GAIN vulnerability rank, disaster damage trends, cyclone shelter coverage, and adaptation spending.

Energy & Environment
Digital Brief The State of Bangladesh Digital Economy

Internet penetration, mobile financial services, e-governance readiness, and ICT export growth.

Energy & Environment
Labor Brief The State of Bangladesh Labor

Labor force participation, sectoral employment shares, wage trends, and informal economy size.

Society & Governance
Education Brief The State of Bangladesh Education

Net enrollment, learning outcomes (PISA proxy), public spending, and skill-employment mismatch.

Society & Governance
Solar Research The State of Bangladesh Solar Energy

6.2 GW installed solar, SHS penetration, IRENA capacity data, SREDA targets, and grid parity analysis.

Energy & Environment

Bangladesh spends 2.6% of GDP on health with 62% out-of-pocket. Disease burden, workforce gaps, UHC progress, and financing options.

Health Brief The State of Bangladesh Health

Health expenditure (% GDP), out-of-pocket burden, disease profile, and facility coverage gaps.

Society & Governance
Banking Brief The State of Bangladesh Banking

NPL ratios by bank type, capital adequacy, credit growth, and Bangladesh Bank policy actions.

Trade & Finance
Energy Brief The State of Bangladesh Energy

Power generation capacity, grid losses, fuel mix, per-capita consumption, and load shedding.

Energy & Environment
Remittance Brief The State of Bangladesh Remittances

Monthly inflows by corridor, transfer costs, hundi share estimates, and reserve impact.

Trade & Finance
Development Brief The State of Bangladesh Development

HDI components, poverty headcount, inequality (Gini), and SDG progress tracking.

Society & Governance
Fiscal Brief The State of Bangladesh Public Finance

NBR revenue collection, ADP spending, deficit financing mix, and debt-to-GDP trajectory.

Economy & Macro

CPI basket breakdown, food vs non-food inflation, and real wage purchasing power.

Economy & Macro
Weekly Pulse The State of Bangladesh Economy

GDP growth, inflation, exchange rate, reserves, and credit trends from Bangladesh Bank and BBS.

Economy & Macro
Bangladesh Index State of Bangladesh: Think Tank Index 2026

Composite index scoring Bangladesh across 8 dimensions: economy, trade, governance, health, education, energy, environment, and industry.