Japan International Cooperation Agency

JICA cooperation with Bangladesh dates to 1973 (first volunteers / JOCV office); the JICA Dhaka office is described as established in the early 1970s. Cumulative ODA-loan figure widely reported as over JPY 3 trillion (~US$20bn) in Chief Representative messaging, but exact USD value depends on exchange rate and figure year, so left null to avoid a derived number. ERD is the Government of Bangladesh counterpart for Japanese ODA loans.